🌡️ 1. Temperature Belts of the Earth
Temperature belts are regions of the Earth classified based on the amount of heat received from the Sun.
🔥 (A) Torrid Zone (Tropical Zone)
- Location: Between the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn
- Characteristics:
- Receives maximum solar energy (sun rays are vertical).
- Hottest region of the Earth.
- High temperature throughout the year.
👉 Example: India lies partly in this zone.
🌤️ (B) Temperate Zones
- Location:
- Between Tropic of Cancer and Arctic Circle (Northern Hemisphere)
- Between Tropic of Capricorn and Antarctic Circle (Southern Hemisphere)
- Characteristics:
- Moderate temperature.
- Experiences distinct seasons (summer, winter).
❄️ (C) Frigid Zones (Polar Regions)
- Location:
- Between Arctic Circle and the North Pole
- Between Antarctic Circle and the South Pole
- Characteristics:
- Very cold throughout the year.
- Sun rays are highly slanting.
🌬️ 2. Pressure Belts of the Earth
Pressure belts are regions of high and low atmospheric pressure formed due to temperature differences and Earth’s rotation.
🔴 (A) Equatorial Low Pressure Belt (Doldrums)
- Location: Around 0° (Equator)
- Characteristics:
- High temperature → air rises → low pressure.
- Calm winds (called doldrums).
- Heavy rainfall region.
🟠 (B) Subtropical High Pressure Belt (Horse Latitudes)
- Location: Around 30° N & 30° S
- Characteristics:
- Air descends → high pressure.
- Dry and calm regions.
- Major deserts found here (e.g., Sahara).
🟡 (C) Subpolar Low Pressure Belt
- Location: Around 60° N & 60° S
- Characteristics:
- Low pressure due to rising air.
- Frequent cyclonic activity.
🔵 (D) Polar High Pressure Belt
- Location: Near 90° N & 90° S (Poles)
- Characteristics:
- Extremely cold → air sinks → high pressure.
- Dry and cold conditions.
📊 Summary Table
| Belt Type | Location | Pressure Type | Key Feature |
|---|---|---|---|
| Equatorial | 0° | Low | Heavy rainfall |
| Subtropical | 30° N/S | High | Deserts |
| Subpolar | 60° N/S | Low | Cyclones |
| Polar | 90° N/S | High | Cold & dry |
🎯 Easy Trick to Remember Pressure Belts
👉 “Low – High – Low – High”
(Equator → Subtropical → Subpolar → Polar)
🔗 Connection Between Temperature & Pressure
- High Temperature → Low Pressure (air rises)
- Low Temperature → High Pressure (air sinks)