The Maratha Empire was a powerful Indian kingdom that challenged the Mughal dominance and became a major force in India.
👑 Founder
🔹 Shivaji Maharaj (1630–1680)
Early Life:
- Born at 👉 Shivneri Fort
- Father: Shahaji Bhonsle
- Mother: Jijabai
- Guru: Dadoji Konddev
⚔️ Achievements of Shivaji Maharaj
🛡️ Military Strength:
- Known as a master of guerrilla warfare (Ganimi Kava)
- Built a strong navy and army
- Captured many forts like:
- Raigad Fort
- Torna Fort
👑 Coronation:
- Crowned as Chhatrapati in 1674 at Raigad
⚖️ Administration:
- Introduced Ashta Pradhan (Council of 8 Ministers)
- Efficient revenue system
- Promoted justice and good governance
🌍 Religious Policy:
- Followed religious tolerance
- Respected all religions and protected people
⚔️ Conflicts
- Fought against:
- Aurangzeb
- Adil Shahi and Nizam Shahi rulers
- Famous encounter:
- Defeated Afzal Khan
📉 Decline of Maratha Empire
- After Shivaji, weak leadership
- Internal conflicts
- Defeated by British in
👉 Third Battle of Panipat (major setback) - Final end in 1818 (British rule)
📌 Quick Summary
| Feature | Details |
|---|---|
| Founder | Shivaji Maharaj |
| Coronation | 1674 |
| Capital | Raigad |
| System | Ashta Pradhan |
| Warfare | Guerrilla warfare |
🎯 Exam Points
- Shivaji = Founder of Maratha Empire
- Guerrilla warfare = Key strategy
- Ashta Pradhan = Administration system
- Raigad = Capital
- Strong enemy of Mughals